Efficient conversion of leather tanning waste to biodiesel using crab shell-based catalyst: WASTE-TO-ENERGY approach

To promote the use of waste-originated resources in biodiesel production, this study proposes utilization leather tanning waste (LTW) and crab-shell (CS) as respective lipid source catalyst material. The obtained CS-based calcium oxide (CaO) has comparable textural properties with those existing waste-based catalysts shows high catalytic activity for conversion LTW to biodiesel. optimum yield fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) is predicted at 97.9 wt%, while it experimentally observed 98.7 ± 0.4 wt% (purity 98.6 wt%) using following operating condition: reaction time t = 3.58 h, amount mc 3.87 a molar ratio ethanol meo 12:1. CaO good reusability FAEE staying above 90 four cycles. fuel LTW-based meet ASTM D6751 D975-08 standards, ester ranging from C14 C20.